Overview of CPT Code 19221: Breast Biopsy, Needle, Percutaneous

CPT Code 19221 refers to a percutaneous needle biopsy of the breast, a minimally invasive procedure used to obtain tissue samples for diagnostic evaluation of breast abnormalities.

When CPT Code 19221 is Used?

This procedure is indicated in various clinical scenarios.

Suspicious breast mass detected on imaging studies.
Abnormal findings on a clinical breast exam.
Follow-up of previously identified breast lesions.
Assessment of breast tissue in patients with a family history of breast cancer.

Symptoms Indicating This Procedure

Patients may report several symptoms that warrant a biopsy.

Palpable lump or mass in the breast.
Changes in breast shape or size.
Nipple discharge that is bloody or clear.
Skin changes over the breast, such as dimpling or puckering.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors may contribute to the need for a breast biopsy.

Family history of breast cancer.
Genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.
Previous breast biopsies with atypical results.
Age, with increased risk in women over 40.

Diagnostic Tests Before Procedure

Prior to the biopsy, certain tests may be performed.

Mammography to identify abnormalities.
Ultrasound to evaluate the characteristics of a breast mass.
MRI for detailed imaging of breast tissue.
Fine needle aspiration cytology if indicated.

Procedure Description

The procedure involves several key steps.

Patient is positioned comfortably, usually lying on their back.
Skin over the biopsy site is cleaned and numbed with local anesthesia.
A thin needle is inserted into the breast tissue to obtain a sample.
Ultrasound or mammography may be used to guide the needle.
Multiple samples may be taken to ensure adequate tissue for diagnosis.

Preparation for the Procedure

Patients should follow specific guidelines before the biopsy.

Avoid blood thinners for several days prior to the procedure.
Inform the physician of any allergies, especially to anesthetics.
Wear comfortable clothing and avoid wearing deodorant or lotions on the day of the procedure.
Arrange for transportation home if sedation is used.

Recovery and Aftercare

Post-procedure care is essential for recovery.

Rest for the remainder of the day after the procedure.
Apply ice packs to reduce swelling and discomfort.
Keep the biopsy site clean and dry; follow specific wound care instructions.
Over-the-counter pain relievers may be used as needed.

Possible Complications

While generally safe, some risks are associated with the procedure.

Bleeding or bruising at the biopsy site.
Infection at the site of the biopsy.
Discomfort or pain following the procedure.
Possible changes in breast appearance.

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Post-Procedure Follow-Up

Monitoring after the procedure is important.

Schedule a follow-up appointment to discuss biopsy results.
Monitor for any signs of infection or complications.
Regular breast exams as recommended by the healthcare provider.

Alternative Treatments

Other management options may be considered.

Watchful waiting for benign findings.
Medication for hormonal therapy in certain cases.
Surgical excision if indicated based on biopsy results.

Home Care Tips

Patients can take steps to aid recovery at home.

Avoid strenuous activities for a few days post-procedure.
Keep the biopsy site clean and dry.
Monitor for any unusual symptoms and contact a healthcare provider if they occur.
Follow all post-procedure instructions provided by the healthcare team.